The marks can be seen because each time the needle was used to give the vaccine, it caused small blisters. The place where the injection was given may swell for a short time after, but it will go back to normal. However, after 6 to 8 weeks, a bump appears that looks like a mosquito bite and then develops into a lump. Later on, it opens up, leaks liquid, and turns into a sore, which eventually heals into a permanent scar.
Smallpox was eliminated in most Western countries by the early 1970s. Vaccinations stopped in the 1980s because the Variola virus was no longer a threat. The mark is a reminder from the past of a disease that used to be very dangerous.